PING

Ping is a command-line utility, available on operating system which checked the network device is reachable. Ping full form or acronym is Packet InterNet Groper. The Ping utility uses the echo request, and echo reply messages within the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), an integral part of any IP network. When a ping command is issued, an echo request packet is sent to the address specified. When the remote host receives the echo request, it responds with an echo reply packet. By default, the ping command sends several echo requests, typically four.

There are numerous switches available for the ping command that allow the default settings to be customized for more specific purposes.

-t	Pings the specified host until stopped. To stop - type Control-C
-a	Resolve adresses to hostnames
-n	Number of echo requests to send
-l	Send buffer size
-f	Set Don't Fragmet flag in packet (IPv4-only)
-i	Set Time To Live
-v	Set Type of Service (Setting has been deprecated)
-r	Record route for count hops (IPv4-only)
-s	Timestamp for count hops (IPv4-only)
-j	Loose source route along host-list (IPv4-only)
-k	Strict source route along host-list (IPv4-only)
-w	Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply
-R	Use routing header to test reverse route also (IPv6-only, deprecated per RFC 5095)
-S	Source address to use
-c	Routing compartment identifier
-p	Ping a Hyper-V Network Virtualization provider address
-4	Force using IPv4
-6	Force using Ipv6